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Most of us are familiar with the words of the primary song, “Follow the Prophet.” The beat of this song sounds like a military cadence which, when repeatedly played, drives home the message that we should obey the teachings of the prophets.  The analogy between primary and the military may be a bit much, but the message is clear: follow the prophet or you might go down the road of personal apostasy.

In my association with scholars and academics, there is no straighter road to personal apostasy than embracing tents of a theory that contradicts the teachings of the gospel. I am not suggesting that everyone who embraces contradictory theories is in the throes of personal apostasy.  I do think, however, that the road to apostasy lies open before them. If they chose not to go down the path and keep the commandments of God, then all is well. Unfortunately, too many choose to walk down the path and end up questioning gospel beliefs.   

Personal enticements to apostasy are everywhere. Interestingly, things that lead to apostasy are not necessarily bad.  Sometimes they are good.  Take, for example, the internet, television, and other modern technologies.  Doing family history work on the New Family Search website in the comfort of our own homes is a blessing, as is watching general conference on television in our pajamas on Sunday morning.  But when people misuse the blessings of television and the internet, those blessings become a curse in their lives.  

Education is a great blessing, but it can also be a curse.  When does secular learning become a curse? When it leads Christians to question teachings of the gospel.  The Lord’s counsel is as follows: to be learned is good, if one hearkens unto the counsels of God.  So study the theories of mankind.  Acquire as much secular knowledge as you can.  Do personal research into a secular hypothesis.  Those are good things, as long as you hearken unto the counsels of God while acquiring knowledge.

Let’s take evolution, for example.  Now there’s an important theory.  I’ve been told that it is a fundamental theory underlying most of biology, so it must be a good thing to learn.  I can think of a healthcare application.  Given the rate at which pathogens like viruses and bacteria are mutating and circumventing our ability to prevent and fight off diseases, it is really important that we have a good understanding of evolution.  

For some people it is important to study evolution in order to have a better understanding of the origins of species, you know, how we descended from ape ancestors.  Although I find such endeavors meaningless, it is important to others.  Even a Mormon can research the origins of species; that’s fine, as long as he or she hearkens unto the counsels of God.

So, what are the counsels of the Lord on the theory of common descent? Let’s take a look at what the living prophets say.

Here is counsel from a living apostle, Elder Nelson.

Others have deduced that, because of certain similarities between different forms of life, there has been a natural selection of the species or organic evolution from one form to another. . . . To me, such theories are unbelievable. . . . It is incumbent upon each informed and spiritually attuned person to help overcome such foolishness of those who would deny divine creation or think that man simply evolved.” Source: The Power Within Us

I find it interesting that Elder Nelson encourages informed and spiritually attuned members to help overcome beliefs that contradict divine creation.  

And here is a comment from the current president of the quorum of twelve apostles, Elder Packer.

"The rules and principles [of creation] are in the scriptures. The revelations make it very clear that mankind is the offspring of Heavenly Parents. We have in God our Father and a Heavenly Mother the pattern of our parentage. . . . No lesson is more manifest in nature than that all living things do as the Lord commanded them in the Creation. They reproduce after their own kind. They follow the pattern of their parentage. Everyone knows that. Every four-year-old knows that! A bird will not become an animal nor a fish. A mammal will not beget a reptile. . . .  Each is a child of God. He is not a monkey; neither were his ancestors."
Source: Children of God. www.byub.org/talks/Download.aspx?id=1774&md=pdf

In my opinion, those who embrace common descent but do not follow the counsels of the Lord fall prey to godless notions about creation and morality and end up in the atheistic camp.  On the other hand, those who embrace common descent while following the counsels of the Lord often end up in the theistic evolutionary camp.  And finally, those who of us who reject common descent while following the counsels of the Lord end up in the “we really don’t understand science” camp, or at least that is what I’ve been told by ardent evolutionists. 

Now I realize that many of you readers fall into the “I couldn’t care less”, “It doesn’t matter to me”, or the “I wasted my time reading this blog post” camps.  (Apologies sent.)  Whatever camp you fall into, just remember to follow the counsels of the Lord - if you do, you won’t go astray, regardless of your evolutionary beliefs.

 


Comments

Steve
08/17/2012 9:10pm

Good points. As a PhD scientist, the only way I can find peace with all of this is to accept that we don't know everything (and never will in this life) about how the laws of nature work. That's the only thing that's black and white to me. And as you imply, what really matters is how we live the gospel.

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james
08/19/2012 4:04am

Man, what a poor article. I'm sure you are a kind well meaning person, but I think you haven't studied evolution, and nor has Boyd K Packer or Elder Nelson!!

Evolution is a fact! Molecular biology, paleontology, plate tectonics, radio active dating techniques and our understanding of DNA biochemistry and genetics all provide mountains of evidence that evolution happened. Go do your research. Evolution is not something you 'chose' to believe in or not, just as you do not 'chose' to believe in gravity.....it's there!

Don't be lazy....find out for yourself!

Good luck n best wishes!

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Dave C.
08/19/2012 1:00pm

James,

Bring me one article of a controlled study showing that, through evolutionary processes, an organism's offspring evolved into a completely different life form from its parents. I am not talking about speciation that evolutionists use to argue that macroevolution is real, you know, the kind where one species of salamander evolved into another speices as evident by the fact that they can no longer reproduce together. I am talking about a different life form.

Sure evolution is a fact, the micro kind that has been proven in controlled experiments, as for the rest, it is currently scientific evidence of the inductive sort.

I will always go with the prophets and apostles when they speak from the Spirit, as did elders Nelson and Packer, I believe.

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wilt
08/20/2012 4:10pm

You limit potential responses to fit a desired goal.

A difference sufficient to prevent reproduction between two species of salamander IS a creation of a different life form.

I also seek to go with prophets and apostles when they speak from the Spirit. I also have no problem with them having well-intentioned though erroneous opinions. Agency is a good thing with General Authorities.

wilt

08/22/2012 1:04am

Man, what a poor comment. I'm sure you are a kind well meaning person, but I think you haven't studied philosophy of the sociology of science...

You see, there is no such thing as a fact which is free of both values and presuppositions which can simply be "there" regardless of the mental choices which you make.

Don't be lazy... find out for yourself!

(I know that sounded more than a little sarcastic, but hopefully it showed how counter-productive your tone was.)

Reply
08/22/2012 9:19am

Dave,

No, my comment was actually meant as a defense of your post against James. (I'm not sure that the individual reply buttons work like I thought they did.)

09/01/2012 10:07pm

I think it is more accurate to say that evolution is a theory that explains a lot of facts--the mountains of evidence you allude to. For most of us evolution is not just there in our personal experience. We believe or disbelieve evolution according to the faith we put in the work of the thousands of scientists who gathered the facts that support it.
And, when you get down to fine details, there are lots of hypotheses and details that sometimes conflict with each other as in the theories that try to explain the origin of modern humans. At this level of detail there are not enough facts available to point to a single universally accepted theory. Within all of this uncertainty I think there is plenty of room for God to have acted to create humans in a way that leaves us free to believe he had a hand in it without rejecting any of the factual basis of evolution.

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08/19/2012 11:12am

Long time reader, first time commenter. :)

Alright, so I am currently doing my Masters in Neuroscience, and am one of those people that finds the study of biology infinitely important. I have some serious...differences of opinion that I thought you might enjoy hearing.
I do this in the spirit of open and respectful conversation. I'm an active member of the Church, and as such hope that you can consider what I have to say, an not just dismiss them because they are contrary to what you have written.


1. The study of evolution is important on MANY fronts, not jus to understand our heritage as a species. The principle of natural selection and genetic adaptaion allow us to understand how disease and disorders are passed on from generation to generation. The evolution of a bacteria can happen very quickly, which can cause severe danger to those who may become infected. I'm sure you didn't mean to dismiss evolution as a whole so quickly.

2. The church has never made an "official stance" on evolution as a whole. Many GA's have expressed their opinion over the pulpit at General Conference, but the church has never outright condemned the concept. What HAS been said is that Adam and Eve were divinely created. How the creation was achieved is never explained in the scriptures, but I believe that astronomy and biology have taught us a lot about the process. To dismiss the current scientific theories of creation, one must dismiss all of the research that those theories are based on. Instead of dismissing science, I choose to believe that God has not yet explained all of the intricacies of his process, and that the scriptural account is a very dumbed down version so that we all can understand what happened. I believe the scriptural account can be help up to science, it just can't be taken as 100% literal. "All truth can be circumscribed into one great whole."

3. Science does not lead to personal apostasy. This is my biggest problem with your article. Education cannot lead you to apostasy, as long as you always acknowledge that His thoughts are not our thoughts, and we can't "lean on our own understanding." We have been encouraged to seek truth and education, and it is language like this that convinces young people that they can't believe in both God and Science. This is simply not the case, we just need to be willing to accept that what we learned as children may not be the whole story.

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Dave C.
08/19/2012 2:07pm

Ezekiel,

Thanks for reading and commenting.

1. Usefulness of evolution. If your point #1 is to be taken somewhat as a criticism of my post, then perhaps you did not read all of my post, particularly the part that mentions the importance of evolution in biology and in health care where evolutionary understanding is needed to combat pathogens.

I wrote:
"Let’s take evolution, for example. Now there’s an important theory. I’ve been told that it is a fundamental theory underlying most of biology, so it must be a good thing to learn. I can think of a healthcare application. Given the rate at which pathogens like viruses and bacteria are mutating and circumventing our ability to prevent and fight off diseases, it is really important that we have a good understanding of evolution."

2. Among skeptics, I am a bit unusual in the sense that I do not believe that Church has taken an official stance. I think the Church is wise to avoid meddling in scientific affairs. In Galilean fashion, the Church recognizes that it is in the business of teaching people how to go to heaven, not how the heavens go or anything under them go - that is science's domain. I don't know 100% how Adam and Eve came into existence, so I agree with you on the uncertainty surrounding that issue. However, the gospel clearly teaches that the creation was purposeful and directed. Now, notwithstanding differences of opinion from theistic evolutionists, I don't see how natural selection acting on random mutations in the genome can result in a specific creation that suited the Lord's purposes. I don't fault theistic evolutionists for believing otherwise; we just disagree, that's all.

3. Your biggest problem with my post is my claim that the study of science will lead to personal apostasy. Well, I never made that claim. I asserted that it may lead to personal apostasy if one does not hearken unto the counsels of the Lord.

I wrote:
“Education is a great blessing . . . . The Lord’s counsel is as follows: to be learned is good, if one hearkens unto the counsels of God. So study the theories of mankind. Acquire as much secular knowledge as you can. Do personal research into a secular hypothesis. Those are good things, as long as you hearken unto the counsels of God while acquiring knowledge.”

In all fairness, I think that anytime someone reads an evolution-themed post from a skeptic, they expect the worse and read everything as being criticism. This post is not like that, so perhaps that is a source of the confusion.

Regards.

DC

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Aaron
08/19/2012 3:05pm

What is the alternative?

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Dave C
08/19/2012 7:13pm

If you are referring to the creation of the first humans, I'll go with a purposeful and directed creation by a divine being, as taught in the Bible and Book of Mormon.

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08/19/2012 8:17pm

There is no reason to believe that God didn't guide the evolutionary process to create life on Earth. The Bible and Book of Mormon don't contradict evolution at all, actually. What most faithful believers who also believe in evolution believe is that God used the process of evolution to create life here on Earth.

08/20/2012 12:39pm

Interesting piece, and good food for thought. Thanks.

Your title is paticularly interesting to me. I understand belief to apply to religious matters or to whether we question whether someone is telling the truth or lying. (So I may believe in God, or I believe the witness in a trial.)

I haven't really thought of evolution as something to be believed or not; it is a rational theory used to explain natural observable data. I suppose one might accept the theory or reject it, if one had the right evidence.

More directly: I suppose the real risk for apostacy is if one puts religious belief in a scientific explanation rather than in diety. But one can study, understand and even accept a scientific theory as far as it goes without impinging on his belief in diety and what that diety has revealed through the prophets.

Ezekial, in your point #2, you suggest the church has never taken a stand. I think with respect to the origin of man, the first presidency has published a statement, and that statement has recently (in the last few years) been reprinted in the church magazines. I agree that evolution as a whole has not really be dismissed, but certainly there is a view about the divine nature of the origin of man.

In the end, Steve's right, though. From my point of view, the critical matter for me as it relates to my standing before the Lord is how I make and keep covenants with him.

Reply
08/20/2012 3:51pm

"Ezekial, in your point #2, you suggest the church has never taken a stand." If you got this impression from my comments, I wasn't speaking clearly enough.

Let's consider a few questions to help us get to a point where we can understand one another.

Question #1: Did God create the Earth and life thereon?

Answer: Yes, the prophets and scriptures testify of this, and we can receive a spiritual affirmation of this through pondering, prayer, and a personal witness from the Holy Ghost. We know that God created the heavens and the Earth, and that he created man in his own image purposefully.

Question #2: WHY did God create the Earth and life thereon?

Answer: God created the Earth for man to have a testing ground, and a place to have stewardship over. The Earth and all life on it is an essential part of His great plan of happiness. We are here because he loves us, and wants us to receive every blessing he could possibly give to us. We are here to learn and grow, to learn from our mistakes, to learn to love and support one another, and to draw near to our Saviour and, through His grace, be saved.

Question #3: HOW did God create the Earth?

Answer: This answer is really tricky. The Genesis and PoGP accounts both speak in very cryptic and vague terms about the creation. How did God create the heavens and the Earth? If we limit ourselves only to scripture, we end up with "he created them spiritually first, then physically." That still only explains what he did, not how he did it.

Science, however, can provide many possible explanations as to how God created the world, and how he managed to get life onto it. Evolution is just one of the many theories that has been sustained by hundreds and thousands of scientific studies. The same could be said for the larger picture of how God created the Earth, the Sun, etc. As an astronomy professor of mine explained, in order to discount the theories currently in place, you need to provide two things: 1) evidence that the current theory is false, and 2) an alternative that is able to encompass all of the research that backs up the current theory. Since the church doesn't talk about the "How" of the creation, I find that the theories are the best logical explanation. Sure, we can add our own Mormon twists to these theories. Instead of "Evolution Through Natural Selection" we can believe in "Evolution Through Divinely Guided Natural Selection." Instead of the "Big Bang Theory", we can speak of the "Devinely-Caused Big Bang Theory".

Then there's always the "Science is always changing" clause. Our understanding of how the world works is constantly changing. There are some that find this as grounds to dismiss science as a whole. I, on the other hand, find the pursuit of knowledge and truth using the scientific method fascinating. How fun is it to be able to figure out how the world works by asking the question "I wonder what happens if..." or "Maybe it works this way." Is it as straight-forward, neat, or clean as divine revelation? No, but until God explains to us exactly how He did it, the scientific method it the best way we have to gain a greater understanding of the world around us.

Admittedly, some people don't care how He did it. I'm perfectly okay with people who don't want to study astronomy, physics, biology, and chemistry. I can understand the desire to strictly focus on the spiritual side of the creation as manifested in Questions 1 & 2. Its less messy, less confusion, and "for the science people." If you do find yourself in that camp, however, don't assume that you can comment on the subject. In intentionally remaining uninformed about evolution, you give up your right to comment on the matter; you don't know the science, nor do you value it.

I think Harold B. Lee said it best. "Perhaps if we had the full story of the creation of the earth and man told to us in great detail, it would be more of a mystery than the simple few statements that we have contained in the Bible, because of our lack of ability to comprehend. Therefore, for reasons best known to the Lord, He has kept us in darkness. Wait until the Lord speaks, or wait until that day when He shall come, and when we shall be among the privileged either to come up out of our graves and be caught up into the clouds of heaven or shall be living upon the earth likewise to be so translated before Him. Then we shall know all things pertaining to this earth, how it was made, and all things that now as children we are groping for and trying to understand. Let's reserve judgment as to the facts concerning the Creation until we know these things for sure."

Reply
08/21/2012 12:13pm

I don't disagree with anything you've said in this comment. The reasons I wrote what I did is because you said, "The church has never made an "official stance" on evolution as a whole." And the statements you cite support that.

But as it relates specifically to the origin of man, the first presidency has been clear, and their clear message has been published more than once.

I'm not suggesting that there is dissonance between those two facts, just that they exist.

I'm not quite sure why I got 8+ paragraphs of defense from you. I agree with you and with Elder Lee.

dallske
08/20/2012 2:15pm

The only sanity in all of this comes from Ezekiel, thanks Ezekiel.

Reply
08/20/2012 3:52pm

*tips cap* Glad I could lend a bit of level-headed sanity. :)

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Dave C.
08/21/2012 11:49am

Wilt,

"A difference sufficient to prevent reproduction between two species of salamander IS a creation of a different life form."

IMHO, two salamanders that cannot reproduce are no more different life forms than a Ferengi and Human are different life forms. The two salamanders have similar physiological structures, and a human and Ferengi have similar physiological structures. But I am not sure that a Ferengi and Human can reproduce - actually, I can't think of any reason why a Human would want to reproduce with a Ferengi ;)

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Brad W.
08/21/2012 9:14pm

The simple explanation to the origin of life on the earth and the complex undertaking to prepare the earth for modern life is this: When God needs to introduce new life into a developing planetary system, he simply transplants this life from older stock that is already flourishing on other planets.

The interplanetary transplantation of life is not difficult to accept if we consider that God and His Son came from their glorified planet located at immense, cosmic distances from our earth to appear to the young Joseph Smith. Similarly, life forms such as plants and animals can also be transported across space from solar system to solar system.

This means that the family of the Gods are not required to create "new" life each time an earth is made. It is also not necessary to require increasingly complex life forms to somehow gradually change from "kind" to "kind" throughout the various stages of a planet's crustal preparation.

These are the "secret springs," Brigham Young taught, of all life forms that have ever existed on the earth. Among these "natural principles," he said, is the Creator's capacity to bring "animals and the seeds from other planets to this world."

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Brad
08/21/2012 11:10pm

Along with many others commenting here, I disagree with you. But I'm not going to try and convince you that I'm right and you're wrong, I honestly have no problem with you believing as you do. The issue I take is the "holier than thou" approach, that anyone who does not see things as you do is in the throes of apostasy. Topics without a clear official doctrine (write to the Church and you'll find that there's no official stance on this issue) cannot be used as a litmus test for good membership.

"Follow the prophet" you say. Which one, and at what time? Many leaders who have spoken on the subject have used their own best judgement. I'm sure we all respect James Talmage, author of books like Jesus the Christ. He was also a supporter of evolution. Please read this document to get a feel for the history of this discussion in the Church.
http://www.mormonfortress.com/evolution.pdf
After the Priesthood revelation in 1978 (D&C OD2) Elder Bruce R. McConkie, who spoke out avidly that blacks would never hold the Priesthood, then said to forget everything he or anyone else had previously stated on the subject, because "We spoke with a limited understanding and without the light and knowledge that now has come into the world." I would venture to say that light and knowledge comes into the world in many ways and through many people, not just prophets.

One can tell me the earth is flat, because the bible clearly speaks of "four corners" and the "foundation" under the earth. But our observations tell us otherwise. Equally, if biological evolution by natural selection does not happen, then God is tricking us somehow by making everything we can observe look like it does. That doesn't sound like the God we profess to worship, the one who tells us to use our faculties and gain knowledge from the best books, etc. I believe that when (true) science and (true) religion clash then our understanding of one or the other may need to be adjusted.

I will respect your opinion, please show respect for mine.

Ezekiel, the term for what you describe is "Theistic Evolution".

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Dave C.
08/22/2012 8:03am

Brad,

I wrote that people who embrace theories that may contradict the gospel are NOT necessarily in the throes of apostasy and I wrote that to be learned is good, including learning evolution. Also, in my last paragraph I put theistic evolutionists who hearken unto the counsels of the Lord on par with all other believers who hearken unto the Lord in terms of obtaining salvation. I am not seeing the holier than thou you say I am portraying. Perhaps you should go back and read the post.

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Brian
04/14/2013 4:13pm

I agree with Ezekiel and other commenters. I am a molecular genetic pathologist who regularly reads through hundreds of kilobases of human DNA sequence. I see the principles of evolutionary biology written on every patient's genetic code every day I go to work. I use these principles to help people understand their risk of disease and help physicians guide medical treatment. I know the basic principles of evolutionary biology are true. This has not been a challenge to my faith as a Latter-day Saint since someone showed me the official church statement on evolution. It was then that I realized that most of what I had been hearing in church, including from authority figures, was opinion based on the orthodox Catholic and protestant reading of the Bible and not based on revelation.

The official church statements about evolution are very open ended and not inconsistent with most evolutionary theory and all evidence that I know of. I am sure that God had a hand in the process, but it appears that God worked through principles, such as natural selection and random mutation as a general rule.

I think that any belief from "6 day creationism" to "God works subtly and consistently with observable natural principles described by the scientific community" is consistent with modern revelation, as well as all beliefs between these extremes. I try to speak gently when I bring up my scientific and medical experience in church, and I appreciate it when strict creationists do the same. I have noticed that heated arguments about this often distract from gospel teaching and the amazing non-science related truths that are taught in the Adam and Eve story.

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